July 29, 2025
Black River, the historic coastal capital of St. Elizabeth Parish, is set to receive a transformative designation: Jamaica’s third city. This development has stirred both interest and debate across the island as citizens and investors look to understand what such a change means for the town, the region, and the broader Jamaican economy.
With Kingston as the capital and Montego Bay serving as the second city, the idea of designating a third city has been circulating in government discussions for years. The aim is to promote balanced national development, reduce the overconcentration of services and economic activity in a few urban centres, and tap into the rich potential of underutilized regions like the South Coast.
Why Black River?
Historically significant and geographically strategic, Black River was once among the most advanced towns in the Caribbean. In the early 20th century, it was the first town in Jamaica to receive electricity and one of the first to have cars. Its bustling port once exported sugar, rum, and logwood dye, making it a prominent player in global trade during the colonial era.
However, over the decades, Black River’s prominence faded as other urban areas grew, especially Montego Bay and Mandeville. Today, the government sees an opportunity to revive the fortunes of the town by strategically investing in its infrastructure, connectivity, and services.
The designation of a “third city” is not just symbolic. It is part of a wider plan to drive new development corridors in Jamaica, especially along the southern coast, where lands are underdeveloped, and opportunities for tourism, logistics, agriculture, and digital infrastructure abound.
A Strategic Move for South Coast Development
The South Coast, often referred to as Jamaica’s “untapped frontier,” offers a unique mix of potential. From the serene beaches of Treasure Beach to the agricultural richness of Holland Bamboo and the quiet charm of Malvern, the region is ripe for both residential and commercial growth.
Black River’s positioning along this coast allows it to serve as a hub for various sectors. Government planners believe that by turning Black River into a city, they can anchor a wave of investment that spreads through the wider St. Elizabeth region and potentially into Manchester and Clarendon.
Already, plans are being drawn up for road expansion, improved water supply, upgraded health and education facilities, and digital infrastructure. Black River is also likely to benefit from increased zoning and urban planning attention, with more focus on housing, real estate, waste management, and climate resilience.
Balancing Growth and Preservation
However, residents and stakeholders are also calling for caution. Black River’s charm lies in its historic architecture, laid-back atmosphere, and natural resources such as the Black River itself—the longest navigable river in Jamaica—teeming with wildlife, including crocodiles and mangroves.
Local conservationists are concerned that unchecked urbanisation might threaten the fragile ecosystem that draws eco-tourists to the area. “We don’t want to see Black River lose its identity or become overrun by high-rise developments,” said one resident. “We need smart growth that respects the town’s heritage and natural beauty.”
To address these concerns, the government has hinted at a phased and inclusive approach, promising to involve local communities in consultations. Planners have indicated that any development will be aligned with sustainable practices, including green building standards, eco-tourism models, and environmental protection protocols.
Real Estate and Investment Potential
For the property and investment community, the announcement has sparked immediate interest. Landowners, developers, and realtors have begun reassessing their portfolios in St. Elizabeth.
“We’ve already seen a spike in enquiries from both Jamaicans abroad and locals looking to buy property in or around Black River,” noted one real estate agent. “People know what happened in Montego Bay and Ocho Rios. When government focuses on an area, prices go up, and demand follows.”
The town’s designation as a third city could mean significant increases in land value, along with the opening up of nearby communities like Parrotee, Luana, and Treasure Beach. With increased road access and planned port improvements, some believe Black River could even become a key location for logistics and e-commerce distribution on the island.
Others are eyeing the potential for co-working spaces, BPOs, and digital nomad enclaves—especially as Jamaica continues to position itself as a remote work destination. With fibre optic cables being extended and solar energy options growing, Black River could become an affordable and attractive base for small businesses and tech talent.
A City of Opportunity—and Responsibility
Becoming a “third city” also brings responsibilities. Beyond attracting business, Black River will need to address the challenges that come with urbanisation: housing supply, youth employment, crime prevention, and climate resilience.
Residents are hopeful that the designation will come with real investment in young people, including vocational training, support for local entrepreneurs, and programmes that retain talent within the parish.
In terms of governance, questions remain about whether the new city status will bring a change in municipal powers or structures. Currently, Black River falls under the St. Elizabeth Municipal Corporation, and there are discussions about whether a city council model or other forms of autonomy might be introduced to manage the new urban agenda more efficiently.
Looking Ahead
While details are still emerging, what’s clear is that Black River is at the cusp of a new chapter. Its designation as Jamaica’s third city is more than a name change—it signals a potential shift in how national development is distributed and how communities like Black River are imagined in the future.
As one local elder remarked, “Black River was once ahead of its time. Maybe it’s time for the town to shine again—not as a relic of the past, but as a model for the future.”
With careful planning, genuine community involvement, and a commitment to sustainability, Black River may just reclaim its historic legacy—and redefine what it means to be a Jamaican city in the 21st century.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. Please note: Jamaica Homes is not authorized to offer financial advice. The information provided is not financial advice and should not be relied upon for financial decisions. Consult a regulated mortgage adviser for guidance.